Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography

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Annotated Bibliography

Introduction

Management of leadership style is a pre-requisite for effectual achievement in organizations. The style of leadership establishes the subordinate participation level in decision making and the manner in which an organization is administratively run. Leadership thus plays an essential role in influencing the organizational performance in different situation. In this regard, leaders should be able to identify the form of leadership that would bring positive influence in specific forms of organizations to enhance performance.

Elshout, R., Scherp, E., & Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. (2013). Understanding the link between leadership style, employee satisfaction, and absenteeism: A mixed methods design study in mental health care institution. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 823-837.

Elshout et al. investigate the relationship between employee satisfaction, absenteeism, and leadership style in a stressful work setting. Elshout et al. settled on mental health care institution in Netherlands. The research is based on mixed methods design. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with ten main triangulated and informants with recorded research as well as a comparison between four departments offered by the data factor analysis from the workers sickness rates and satisfaction surveys. The data is thematically analyzed by coding and patterns exploration. Qualitative software is also used in the analysis. The quantitative evaluation demonstrated a higher sickness rate in 2010 in the MHCI compared to the national rate in Netherland. Higher sickness rates and low employee satisfaction was recorded in transactional leadership compared to transformational leadership.

The research was based on the study aim and significance and not on the research question. The research design is highly based on the aim of the research. The main limitation to the study is that it only focused on two forms of leadership. The paper makes a contribution on leadership in a highly stressful health care environment. It is highly based on appropriate and adequate theoretical framework regarding leadership theories. The authors communicated fully and clearly in this research. The mixed research method is appropriate since it enhance thorough investigation of the situation. The answers are effectively found by analyzing the collected data. The sampling size was highly adequate for the study. The research was only based on a single institution and thus, chances of bias results were high. The research is highly replicable. The main limitation is that the research only focused on a single institution and thus, was not able to give a general picture of the situation in the entire country. Though the outcome can be generalized it would contain some sense of biasness. The cultural and social aspects were not considered in this study.

The source is unique since it bases its study on effect of leadership on employees performance. It is also based on a healthcare environment which is unique on its own way; stressing. It can be used in the future to obtain more information on how leadership influences workers morale and well-being. It fills in the literature gap of on how leadership can influence workers behaviors in a highly stressful environment. This paper will be employed to supplement the research on role of leadership in influencing employees’ behavior. The article is universal and can be used in any situation to explain how workers behaviors are influenced by the employed form of leadership.

Samad, A., Reaburn, P., Davis, H., & Ahmed, E. (2015). An empirical study on the effect of leadership styles on employee wellbeing and organizational outcomes within an Australian regional university. Proceeding of the Australasian Conference on Business and Social Sciences, Sydney, 984-999.

Samad et al. evaluate the leadership lived experiences among both professional and academic staff working in regional university in Australia. This is achieved by exploring the association between style of leadership, organization outcomes, and employee wellbeing. The research employs mixed methods research and it is based on full range leadership theories are considered, but only laissez-faire, transactional, and transformational leadership are considered in the study. Both the qualitative and quantitative data is collected by online survey. The participants include both followers and leaders. Open-ended questionnaire are used to evaluate the association between organizational performance, staff wellbeing, and leadership style. This guides in development individual and focus group structured interviews. The research involved a total of 906 professional staff and 1662 academics participants. Structural Equation Modeling is employed to evaluate survey items and SPSS is used for quantitative data analysis. A relationship was found between leadership style, employee wellbeing, and organizational performance.

The research does not have research questions but a set of hypothesis. These hypotheses are formulated from the identified literature gap in the theoretical work. The article acts as an original contributor to leadership in higher institutions of learning. It is highly based on appropriate and intensive knowledge of leadership theory. The researchers have communicated clearly but not fully since some information on the research results are cut out. The research technique employed is suitable for the study. The best way to find answers is by testing the hypothesis. The sample size is highly adequate. The sample size is adequate enough to control bias. The research can also be highly replicated. The main limitation of the study is that the data is collected from a single region, making it hard to stand for the entire population. It is hard to relate the conclusion with the results since the actual results are not fully represented. The research considered the leadership culture in higher educations in Australia.

The source is different from others since it has the most intense theoretical framework on leadership theory. It inform researchers on importance of conducting complex research to identify the best leadership in educational sector where performance is measured by students output. The article gives more information on leadership in school institution by demonstrating the complexity of relating the organizational performance with the form of leadership. This article would be employed in future research to add knowledge on the form of leadership that performs best in all possible situations. The article employs universal theories though it is highly based on Australian institutions at a certain region, and thus, it is considerably hard to generalize the results.

Koech, P. M., & Namusonge, G. S. (2012). The effect of leadership styles on organizational performance at state corporations in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 2(1), 1-12.

In this study, Koech and Namusonge evaluate the leadership styles impacts on organizational performance in Kenyan state-owned corporations. The researchers particularly focused in evaluating the effect of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire styles of leadership on performance of organizations. The research is highly based on leadership theories that include traits theory, and historical transformation of leadership from traditional to new forms of leadership. This was done by use of descriptive survey research. The study participants involved senior and middle managers in 30 government owned corporation in Mombasa, Kenya. The research employed closed-ended questionnaires to collected data, where 72 useful responses were obtained from participants. Inferential and descriptive statistical measures were employed to analyze the data. The research results established that laissez-faire is associated with ineffectiveness, unproductiveness, and dissatisfaction. Transactional leadership’s active management and contingent rewards demonstrated medium positive association with performance of organization, while transformational leadership demonstrated a strong positive association with organizational performance.

The research involved definition of the problem, research purpose and research questions which were well framed and significant. The research questions were design to address the identified problem and to fulfill the research purpose. They were also used to define the research design. The paper contributed more knowledge to the best form of leadership among the three evaluated leadership styles. The paper has adequate and appropriate theoretical framework. The researchers have also communicated fully and clearly. The paper has also employed suitable research method for this study. The sample size was enough for the area of study. The paper is based on three forms of leadership and only focused on one region in the country and thus, excluding those organizations with different forms of leadership and in other regions. All based on the impacts of the adopted leadership style on performance of governmental owned corporation in Kenya, focusing on the three stated forms of leadership. The research is highly replicable. The main limitation of the study is that it only focuses on three forms of leadership. The outcome can be generalized for Kenyan Governmental organizations. The conclusion was justifiable for the research question and the writers considered cultural leadership aspects in Kenyan governmental organizations.

This source is unique since it focuses on leadership in governmental institutions in a specific country. The source evaluates three leadership styles and thus, it can be used in evaluating effective leadership style in the future research. It provides literature information on the best leadership in developing nations. This article can be used to add knowledge on the best overall leadership style in enhancing organization performance. The article uses universal theories but is more applicable in Kenya than in other countries.

Puni, A., Ofei, S. B., & Okoe, A. (2014). The effect of leadership styles on firm performance in Ghana. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 6(1), 177-185.

In this study, Puni et al. investigate the impact of leadership on two Ghanaian banks financial performance. The research was founded on laissez-faire, democratic, and autocratic forms of leadership. Puni et al. employed correlation research technique. The research data was collected using closed-ended questionnaires. Non-probability strategies of sampling; purposive and convenience were employed to choose participants and banks. The research only involved workers in managerial ranks. A leadership style scale tool containing 12-item measuring four items in three styles of leadership was employed. The version 20.0 of SPSS software was employed for data analysis. The outcome demonstrated that none of the three styles considerably predicted the two banks financial performance. However, democratic leadership accounted for more financial performance variance than the other two.

The paper does not have stated research questions. The research is based on the research purpose statement. The research tries to base the research design to the research purpose. The paper makes original contribution by focusing on specific institution; bank. The paper is based on appropriate and adequate theoretical framework. The research has also managed to communicate fully and clearly. The research technique was also appropriate for the study. The paper focuses on two banks which is not adequate to represent all banks in the country. The main limitation of the study is that it only focused on financial management organizations. The research can be considered bias for it only focused on three forms of leaderships. The research is highly replicable. The findings can be generalized for the entire financial organization in Ghana and in the world. The conclusion is justified by results and the writer has highly considered banking culture in the study.

The source is different since it specifically focuses on leadership influence in financial performance. It informs my research by demonstrating how leadership can influence specific aspect of organization performance. It adds to the information on effect of leadership in financial management organization. It focuses on impact of three forms of leadership styles and this can be used to add knowledge to the effect of leadership style in organization. Although the research is based on Ghana, it can be used in any financial organization in the world.

Uchenwamgbe, B. P. (2013). Effects of leadership style on organizational performance in small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. European Journal of Business Management, 5(23), 53-73.

In this article, Uchenwamgbe conducted a study to evaluate the impacts of leadership styles on performance of organizations in scale of small and medium sized enterprises situated in Lagos state in Nigeria. The author evaluated the impact of leadership on workers morale and efficiency. This was done by use of qualitative research technique. The research was founded on democratic theory, the organization system theory, and need-satisfaction theory. The study involved 200 randomly selected workers and managers from 20 registered SMEs in Nigeria. The data was collected using observation, discussion interviews, and questionnaires. Simple percentages and chi-square were used to analyze the data. The results suggested that, organization performance was highly impacted by the adopted form of leadership. Good style of leadership was found to determine the performance of SMEs. The autocratic leadership style was found to impact SMEs performance in Nigeria, and a relation was established between leadership style and workers commitment.

Uchewamgbe research was based on a research problem which guided in formulation five well-structured research questions and five corresponding hypothesis. The research focused on addressing the identified leadership problem by answering the defined questions. The article made contribution in the current body of knowledge by focusing on a real situation in Nigeria where authoritarian form of leadership is adopted in SMEs. The theoretical framework of the study was appropriate and adequate. The researchers communicated fully and clearly. The research technique was highly suitable and provided the best way to answer the questions. The sample size was adequate based on the study. The paper focused on democratic and authoritarian governance and thus ruling out any other form of leadership, which was bias. The research is replicable. The main limitation of the study is that some of its findings can only be employed in Nigeria based SMEs. The conclusion justified the results, and the writers highly considered Nigerian cultural context.

The paper is different since it specifically focused on SMEs in Nigeria. It demonstrates how culture can influence the adopted form of leadership and hence organization performance. It addresses leadership in Nigeria and hence not universal. However, it has used known leadership theories that can be employed everywhere. The article can be employed while comparing democratic and authoritarian form of leadership in future research.

Adeyemi-Bello, T. (2001). The impact of leadership style on organizational growth. Work Study, 50(4), 150 – 154.

In this study, Adeyemi-Bello evaluates on whether effective leadership is influenced by the context; for-profit or not-for-profit organization. It evaluates who is important between people oriented and high tasks oriented leader in not-for-profit organization. Adeyemi-Bello employs qualitative research techniques to conduct this research. The research involved Arkansas Baptist State convention where, where one pastor or minister was selected from 45 associations, with not less than three years of tenure. People and task oriented were evaluated by employing the leadership style questionnaire which was created in leadership studies Ohio State University in 1987. The questionnaire contained 14 items. The study demonstrated dynamic association between people and task leaders’ orientation has essential implication on performance. An integration of both people and task orientation leadership was found to contain more positive impact on not-for-profit organization.

The paper was poorly structured for a research study. It did not have research questions but had the research aim. However, it managed to make a contribution to the existing body of knowledge. Although the theoretical framework was appropriate, I feel that it was not adequate. The researcher has left a lot of research details and though he has worked to satisfy the aim of the study. The sample can be considered sufficient, and the research technique was good enough. The main limitation is that the paper is not highly based on known leadership theories. It is hard to tell the relation between the conclusion and the results since the results are not fully documented. The research highly considered social and cultural aspects.

The paper can be used to enhance leadership in non-profit organization. It can also be used to enhance future research in not-profit organizations leadership. It contributes more to literature on leadership in non-profit organization. It is universal since it can be employed in all not-for-profit leadership enhancements. This can be employed to advance knowledge on importance of good leadership in all organization.

Conclusion

This paper evaluates various literatures regarding the impact of leadership on organization performance. Majority of the evaluated literature demonstrate that workers react positively to humanitarian form of leadership than other dictatorial forms of leadership. Transformational leadership and democratic leadership are found to provide better performance in different organizations. However, authoritarian and laissez-faire seems to fail in enhancing performance, while transactional leadership is found to be moderate in enhancing performance.