Sinorhizobium Meliloti.edited

Sinorhizobium meliloti

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Sinorhizobium meliloti

Sinorhizobium meliloti is a Gram-negative bacterium whose function is to fix atmospheric nitrogen. It attains symbiosis with legumes, which result in a newly formed plant organ known as root nodule and is considered to be symbiotic since it leaves nitrogen in plenty for the plant. They are deemed mobile since they swim in water while cell density is low and contains a peritrichous flagella cluster. It includes four genes coded for flagellin fliC1C2–fliC3C4, responsible for exponential growth and autoregulates proteins during exponential growth.

Sinorhizobium meliloti is clustered in the Rhizobiales order of the alpha-Proteobacteria class, in the organization of other essential human pathogens such as Bartonella and Brucella. Other plant-associated bacteria that are agriculturally important such as Agrobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Rhizobium, are also associated with Sinorhizobium meliloti. Many types of soils worldwide contain Sinorhizobium meliloti, which exists either in its free-living form or as a symbiont of leguminous plants. In these plants, the organism induces a specialized organ in which nitrogen-fixing occurs to be formed within the plant cytoplasm. The most observed host species for the Sinorhizobium meliloti are Medicago sativa and truncatula gaertn, even though the other essential characteristics of the symbiotic relationship between the two have been enlightened.

Sinorhizobium meliloti contains quite a several ecological benefits. Its cells play a crucial role in the survival of several plant species. Nitrogen holds up to 85 percent of the atmosphere, essentially biological processes of several living organisms. Sinorhizobium meliloti, therefore, converts N2 into organic nitrogen during its symbiotic relationship with legumes. It hence provides the plants with essential nutrients. The organism’s primary purpose is to undergo a biochemical reaction that is of importance to plants by maintaining the symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants.

Sinorhizobium meliloti can also carry out denitrification, which is the process by which nitrate and nitrites are reduced into N2, which are released onto the environment. N2O produced during denitrification can serve as green-house gas, responsible for trapping heat. Microbial denitrification is also an essential contributor to the wastewater purification process.

REFERENCE

Galardini, M., Mengoni, A., Brilli, M. et al. Exploring the symbiotic pangenome of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. BMC Genomics 12, 235 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-235.